It is said that on the plates of puffer fish eaten by Japanese people, you can sometimes see the following words:
This is a very famous haiku from the Edo period in Japan. Although it is a bit vulgar, it is rich in connotation. In just three lines, it tells a story full of visuals. Many people may have heard of "Haiku", such as the world's most famous haiku "The Ancient Pond" by the "Haiku Saint" Matsuo Basho:
During the epidemic that year, the Japanese HSK Committee donated materials to Hubei universities, which read:
Later, when China sent supplies to Japan, someone suggested writing:
In fact, this sentence comes from another haiku master, Kobayashi Issa:
Haiku is a form of traditional Japanese literature and also the shortest poem in the world. It originated in the middle and late period of the Muromachi shogunate, which is the early Ming Dynasty. It was not originally called "haiku" but "renga". To put it simply, "renga" is a couplet. Just like in "Flirting Scholar", Tang Bohu, who was disguised as a book boy, and Dui Chuanchang exchanged poems:
Later, Yamazaki Soken, Arakida Moritake, and Matsunaga Sadaneshi, who were later called the "Three Ancestors of Haiku", took out a line "fa ka" from the renga and turned it into "haiku". From then on, people could recite songs by themselves without asking others for help, which saved the socially anxious people. Although haiku is short, it is by no means as simple as it seems. It follows many rules, the first of which is "syllables". The syllables of haiku follow the "575" format, with three sentences and 17 syllables in total. A syllable is a pronunciation. In Chinese, a character is usually a syllable, while in Japanese, a kana (Japanese letters) is a syllable, and a long sound is two syllables. Putting it in the format of 575, the pronunciation of haiku in Japanese can be understood as: Snap Snap Snap Snap Snap Snap Snap Snap Snap Snap All haiku are pronounced according to the format of 575, which is very similar to the ancient Chinese five-character and seven-character regulated verse and quatrain. This ensures the rhythmic beauty of haiku. In addition to rhythm, haiku also has regulations on the content itself, which is that "seasonal words" must be included. The so-called "seasonal words" are images that reflect the seasons, spring flowers, autumn moon, summer insects, winter snow... There can only be one seasonal word, one more or one less is considered a foul. The "puffer fish" in the opening haiku is the seasonal word, because the best season to eat puffer fish is spring. Of course, the rules about "seasonal words" are not so strict nowadays. Some words that can reflect the "sense of the season" are acceptable. Even Siri on the Japanese iPhone will use "iPhone" as the seasonal word for autumn, because new iPhones are usually released in autumn. Of course, as a type of poetry, haiku naturally cannot be without the most important aspect of poetry - punctuation, which is called "cutting characters" in haiku, that is, cutting a paragraph into three lines using punctuation or interjections. In this way, 17 syllables + season words + cut characters constitute the basic form of haiku. At first, haiku was just a means of entertainment for literati, and there was no shortage of crude and vulgar words in it, just like the "pufferfish" at the beginning, which was not worthy of being accepted by the upper class. Until a man appeared, he was Matsuo Basho, who was known as the "Haiku Saint". Matsuo Basho reviewed past classic cases, consolidated the industry's top strategies, connected and deepened the ideological model, opened up key paths, combined haiku with Zen, and transformed it into a textual form that expressed the poet's inner thoughts, showing an aesthetic realm that is difficult to express in other genres. This gave haiku a sense of beauty and entered the hall of literature and art. Some of them are delicate and wonderful, full of humor, others are tranquil and natural, embodying a leisurely and quiet mood. They are full of implicit beauty, aiming to hint rather than convey, and use short and concise verses to give readers rich imagination. Readers need to be pious bell ringers in order to hear the ethereal and mysterious bell sounds. Matsuo Basho inherited the tradition and opened up new avenues for the later generations, leading to the emergence of a large number of outstanding haiku poets, including Kobayashi Issa and Yosa Buson, who are known as the "Three Masters of Classical Haiku" together with Matsuo Basho, as well as others such as Natsume Soseki, Masaoka Shiki, Ozaki Koyo, Akutagawa Ryunosuke, Taneda Santoka, Kawato Biwutong, and many more. Here are some of my favorite haiku works: 1. Matsuo Basho
"Xiaohuiri" is the day before New Year's Eve. December 29th of the second year of Kanbun was not only the day before New Year's Eve, but also the "Beginning of Spring" day - the old year had not yet passed, but the "Beginning of Spring" had arrived first. At that time, Matsuo Basho had just turned 19 years old, and he was inspired to write the first haiku in his life. Matsuo Basho traveled all his life, always carrying writing brush, ink, paper and inkstone with him. Most of his haiku were written during his travels.
The last haiku he wrote in his life was written like this:
It means that Matsuo Basho fell ill during his journey and could not continue, but his dream was still to walk in the wilderness. 2. Kobayashi IssaThe haiku written by Kobayashi Issa is called "Issa-dye". His haiku has diverse styles, which reflect his personal life and express his feelings about life frankly. Looking back on his life, this cup of tea was very bitter, so bitter that it never became sweet in the end. He said goodbye to being single at the age of 52, and had four children who all died young. At the age of 60, his beloved wife, who was 20 years younger than him, passed away. At the age of 65, a fire burned down his house, so he had to live in the "Tuzo" (storage room), and he died soon after... Alas~ Life is so unpredictable, and it brings one hardship after another. But he did not become depressed by his fate. Instead, he drank it all up, diluting his miserable life with bright haiku, and eventually became Kobayashi Ischa.
3. With Xie WucunThe haiku name "Wucun" comes from Tao Yuanming's "Returning to the Countryside" which goes "Go home, my fields are about to be overgrown with weeds, why don't you go home?" Xie Wucun was about half a century later than Matsuo Basho and thirty or forty years earlier than Kobayashi Issa. He lived during the Qianlong period of my country. Yosa Buson was a fan of Matsuo Basho and once imitated Basho's famous haiku "An old pond, frogs leaping in, the sound of water." Wrote another frog:
If Matsuo Basho's frog is a "Zen frog", then Yosa Buson's frog is a "thinking frog". Yosa Buson admired Matsuo Basho throughout his life, but he did not simply imitate him. Instead, he wrote haiku in a more diverse and interesting artistic realm.
There are also two sentences dedicated to Matsuo Basho and a suspected tribute to Kobayashi Issa:
Haiku is only seventeen words long, but it condenses the poet's life emotions and experiences. When you read it, you will immerse it in your own life and it will gradually dissolve. What you see is actually what you see, feel, think and understand. Haiku is so meaningful because our lives are just as meaningful. Author: Kuang Thirteen Source: WeChat public account "Copywriting Free Shipping" |
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